*3-year-old boy presented with vomiting.
What is the most likely diagnosis?
1. Nephrolithiasis
2. Medullary Nephrocalcinosis
3. Cortical Nephrocalcinosis
4. Renal Cortical Necrosis
Answer
Answer: Medullary Nephrocalcinosis
Case Discussion:
Ultrasound reveals diffusely increased echogenicity of the renal medullas.
Renal medullary nephrocalcinosis is the most frequently type of nephrocalcinosis and refer to deposition of calcium salts in the renal medullas.
Causes of medullary nephrocalcinosis include the following:
• Hyperparathyroidism
• medullary sponge kidney
• renal tubular acidosis (type 1)
• hypervitaminosis D
• milk-alkali syndrome
• other (Cushing syndrome, multiple myeloma)
References:
1.Eisenberg RL, Margulis AR. The Right Imaging Study, A Guide for Physicians. Springer Verlag. (2008) ISBN:0387737731. Read it at Google Books – Find it at Amazon
2.Dähnert W. Radiology Review Manual. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. (2007) ISBN:0781766206. Read it at Google Books – Find it at Amazon